Magnesium Sulfate Mediates Morphine Administration Reduction in Varicocelectomy Surgery

Aims: Varicocelectomy is the most common operation carried out by doctors for male infertility treatment. The aim of varicocele treatment is to hinder the refluxing venous drainage to the testis, retaining arterial inflow, and lymphatic drainage. A lot of pain is generated after this surgery, and the use of opium should be reduced to nearest minimum, as all drugs are toxins. Thus the aim of the present study is to facilitate morphine usage reduction after varicocelectomy surgery. Material and Methods: One-hundred (100) patients who were varicocelectomy candidate were randomized into two groups: experimental group contain 50 patients and control group contain 50 patients as well. In experimental group, 2 mL magnesium sulfate in 2 mL normal saline was injected into patient immediately after surgery. The control group received only 4 mL normal saline. Morphine dosage administered, and severity of pain monitoring was accessed and recorded with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Result: Result indicated that administration of morphine dosage in the test group 0.21 ± 0.64 mg was significantly lower as compared to the control group 0.75 ± 1.30 mg during the first 24-hour after surgery (p = 0.01). Average VAS scores in the experimental and control groups in the first 4-hour interval were 0.91 ± 1.30 and 2.9 ± 2.50 (p = 0.02) respectively. We observed a significant difference in the VAS score for pain severity and the dosages of morphine administered. Conclusions: The experimental group with magnesium sulfate in its drug formulation showed better pain control compared to the control group which received only normal saline, whose pain manifested after every few hours. This can be used for the formulation of opium for this surgery in a large scale.     

离子色谱-抑制电导法测定硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子

目的 建立离子色谱–抑制电导法同时测定硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子的方法。方法 采用Dionex IonPac^TM CS12A色谱柱（250 mm×4 mm）,Dionex IonPac^TM CG12A保护柱（50 mm×4 mm）;以甲烷磺酸溶液为洗脱液,梯度洗脱,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测池温度35 ℃,电导检测器,抑制器为Dionex CDRS 600 4 mm,电流值117 mA,进样体积为25 μL。结果 镁在0.72～1.08μg/mL、钠在12.80～19.20 μg/mL、钾在3.20～4.80 μg/mL线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为101.0%、100.7%、102.9%,RSD值分别为1.4%、1.4%、0.7%。结论 该方法简单、快速、准确,能够有效地控制硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子。     

合并骨质疏松且无低血镁的Gitelman综合征1例

目的 探讨Gitelman综合征（GS）合并重度骨质疏松的临床特点、诊断和治疗,加深对该病的认识。方法 2017年2月海南医学院第二附属医院内分泌科住院的GS合并重度骨质疏松且无低血镁1例,复习文献,总结该病特点。结果 该病主要表现为严重低钾血症、多处骨关节疼痛,易误诊。予积极补钾、抗醛固酮、抗骨质疏松治疗,有效缓解了病情。结论 GS虽然尿钙低,无低血镁,但也可以合并骨质疏松。因此,对存在多关节疼痛的GS病人,应及时进行双能X线骨密度检查早期筛查骨质疏松。对于此类病人,积极给予补钾、抗醛固酮及抗骨质疏松治疗可提高疗效。     

槲皮素对低钙高镁饮食大鼠血清矿量和骨代谢的改善作用

目的观察槲皮素对低钙高镁饮食大鼠血清矿量和骨代谢水平的改善作用,为骨质疏松临床预防提供参考。方法将60只清洁雄性SD成年黑色大鼠随机等分为空白对照组、模型对照组和槲皮素喂养组,每组20只。空白对照组实验过程中均正常喂养,模型对照组和槲皮素喂养组均适应性喂养2周后,进行低钙高镁(钙5 mg/L,镁60 g/L,蒸馏水溶液作为饮用水)喂养3个月,槲皮素喂养组给予低钙高镁喂养期间同时给予槲皮素(2.64 kg/d)。观察各组大鼠的日常饮食量、饮水量、体重、毛发、毛发色泽、活动等一般情况,分别于低钙高镁喂养前(实验前)和给药喂养3个月时(实验后)两个时刻点进行血清矿量(血钙、血镁、血磷)及骨代谢指标(BALP、CTX-1、BGP、t PINP)测定。结果实验期间,空白对照组、模型对照组和槲皮素喂养组大鼠的日常饮食量、饮水量、体重比较无显著差异(P0.05),但空白对照组、槲皮素喂养组实验大鼠更具活力,毛发更光润。模型对照组大鼠实验后的血钙量、血磷量、BALP均下降,血镁量、BGP、CTX1、t PINP均提升,与实验前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。槲皮素喂养组大鼠实验后的血钙量、血磷量、BALP均显著高于模型对照组大鼠实验后(P0.05),槲皮素喂养组大鼠实验后的血镁量、BGP、CTX1、t PINP均显著低于模型对照组大鼠实验后(P0.05)。结论槲皮素可显著改善低钙高镁饮食大鼠血清矿量和骨代谢水平,可能在低钙高镁交互作用诱导骨质疏松症的预防中起到重要作用。     

中药川芎嗪联合硫酸镁治疗妊娠高血压

目的探究中药川芎嗪联合硫酸镁在妊娠高血压治疗过程中的疗效,为临床治疗妊娠高血压提供依据。方法选取2010年9月—2013年12月间在我院住院治疗的妊娠高血压患者90例,根据治疗方法的不同分为对照组及观察组各45例,其中观察组患者采用中药川芎嗪联合硫酸镁注射液治疗,对照组单纯采用硫酸镁注射液治疗,并观察2组患者治疗的临床效果、有效率以及治疗前后的血浆黏度值。结果观察组总有效率(97.8%)明显高于对照组(86.7%),另外,观察组血压稳定以及尿蛋白降低情况明显优于对照组(P0.05),观察组仅有1例患者出现恶心、呕吐症状,明显少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组血浆黏度有明显的下降,并且明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论川芎嗪联合硫酸镁注射液治疗妊娠高血压可稳定血压,缓解恶心呕吐等各种症状。     

Significance of serum levels of vitamin D and some related minerals in breast cancer patients

Vitamin D and calcium are involved in a wide range of proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling activities in the body. Suboptimal concentrations may lead to cancer development. The role of phosphate in cancer metabolism is particularly relevant in breast cancer while, magnesium deficiency favors DNA mutations leading to carcinogenesis. Objectives: To determine serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathormone in female breast cancer patients and to assess their association with some prognostic factors in breast cancer. Design and methods: This study is done on 98 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients and 49 age matched apparently healthy female volunteers as controls. Serum samples from all patients and controls were subjected to 25-OH Vit D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathormone measurements. Results: In the breast cancer group, the median serum levels of 25-OH Vit D were 15 ng/ml, while it was 21 ng/ml in the control group. Levels of 25-OH Vit D and other tested minerals were significantly lower while calcium:magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio, and calcium:phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio were significantly higher in the breast cancer group. Significant negative correlation was detected between phosphorus and calcium, ionized calcium , calcium magnesium ratio, and calcium phosphorus ratio. Conclusion: It is not only the deficient levels of Vit D and other related minerals, but the combination of the abnormal levels of all the studied parameters that might contribute to the development of cancer. Further studies with larger number of patient are needed.     

不同钙、镁比例饮用水对相对高草酸尿症大鼠肾结石形成及代谢的影响

[摘要] 目的 探讨低于硬水标准的不同钙、镁比例饮用水对相对高草酸尿症大鼠肾结石形成及代谢的影响。 方法 将42只SPF级雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分成7组（n=6）：空白组、模型组、高钙低镁组、中钙低镁组、低钙低镁组、低钙中镁组和低钙高镁组,空白组饮用纯净水,模型组饮用0.1%乙二醇（EG）配制水,高钙低镁组、中钙低镁组、低钙低镁组、低钙中镁组、低钙高镁组各干预组在模型组基础上给予不同钙、镁浓度比例的饮用水,浓度比例分别为360/10、120/10、10/10、10/40、10/80（mg/L）。各组大鼠在相同环境下饲养8周后,收尿液、血液及双肾标本,左肾做H&E染色石蜡切片,光学显微镜观察草酸钙结晶情况;分别测定大鼠24h尿量、尿钙、尿镁、尿草酸、尿枸橼酸排泄量及血钙、血镁、血肌酐以及血尿素氮浓度。 结果 大鼠肾重量低钙低镁组、低钙中镁组均较空白组比较显著增加（P<0.05）。低钙中镁组血尿素氮浓度较空白组、模型组比较均显著升高（P<0.05）。各组大鼠体重变化、摄水量、24h尿量、血钙、血镁和血肌酐等的比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。24h尿镁排泄量低钙中镁组较空白组显著增加（P<0.05）。24h尿草酸排泄量模型组、低钙低镁组、低钙中镁组均显著高于空白组（P<0.01）,中钙低镁组也较空白组显著升高（P<0.05）;除低钙低镁组外,其余干预组24h尿草酸排泄量均显著低于模型组（P<0.01）。尿钙、24h尿枸橼酸排泄各组均无显著性差异。血钙、血镁、血肌酐各组间均无显著性差异。各组尿结晶均为阴性。各组肾组织病理学检查各组均未见结晶形成,肾小球、小管细胞大小正常,排列整齐、规则,肾小管管腔无扩张,管腔内无坏死脱落样物质。结论 相对高草酸尿症造模对大鼠体内钙和镁的代谢、尿结晶及成石没有影响;在饮用水硬度低于硬水标准下,随钙镁总量（硬度）升高24h尿草酸排泄量减低;单纯高草酸尿症成石草酸浓度或量需要达到一定水平才能显示成石作用;而尿枸橼酸作为结石的保护性因素,它是相对独立的,不受造模及不同钙、镁比例饮用水影响。     

食管良性狭窄药物镁合金可降解支架研究现状及展望

支架在食管良性狭窄的治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。临床应用的支架主要为金属支架,可分为永久性支架和暂时性可回收支架。永久性金属支架长期植入易引起炎性增生、支架内再狭窄、穿孔、出血等并发症,暂时性可回收金属支架植入后1周内需取出,以避免食管瘢痕修复及支架内组织增生导致其取出困难、远期食管再狭窄复发率高。药物洗脱支架在心血管系统疾病的治疗中已处于临床使用阶段,消化道药物洗脱支架目前处于研制及动物实验阶段;镁合金可降解支架已经在心血管系统广泛应用。随着生物工程材料的发展,药物镁合金可降解支架已成为食管支架研究的热点和前沿。本文对药物镁合金可降解支架研发的现状和展望进行全面详细阐述,重点介绍支架工艺：支架成型,覆膜改性,载药处理。     

腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨酸钾镁治疗小儿重度黄疸性肝炎疗效观察

目的：观察腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨钾镁治疗小儿重度黄疸性肝炎的疗效。方法将210例小儿重度黄疸性肝炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各105例。观察组采用腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨钾镁治疗,对照组采用异甘草酸镁治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组的总有效率为94.3％高于对照组的83.8％,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。治疗后观察组各临床症状改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。2组患者接受治疗后均无严重不良反应发生。结论腺苷蛋氨酸联合门冬氨钾镁治疗小儿重度黄疸性肝炎能有效改善患者临床体征,疗效较好,不良反应少,值得临床推广。